The 3 Series family of protection relays are functional and economical protection solutions for feeders, motors and transformers. By providing protection, control, monitoring and metering, and both local and remote user interfaces in one assembly, the 3 Series family effectively eliminates the need for expensive discrete components. The 3 Series family provide extensive diagnostic information allowing users to troubleshoot and minimize downtime.

Multilin 3 Series

Intuitive industrial and utility protective relays for feeders, motors and transformers

The 3 Series family of protection relays are functional and economical protection solutions for feeders, motors and transformers. By providing protection, control, monitoring and metering, and both local and remote user interfaces in one assembly, the 3 Series family effectively eliminates the need for expensive discrete components. The 3 Series family provide extensive diagnostic information allowing users to troubleshoot and minimize downtime.

Key Features
  • Event Recorder: 256 events with 1ms time stamping
  • Oscillography with 32 samples per cycle and digital states
  • IRIG-B clock synchronization
  • Motor health diagnostics
  • Security audit trail

Monitoring & Metering

 

Preventative Maintenance:

The 3 Series allows users to track relay exposure to extreme environmental conditions by monitoring and alarming at high temperatures. This data allows user to proactively schedule regular maintenance work and upgrade activities.

Failure Alarm

The 3 Series detects and alarms on communication port and IRIG-B failures. The 3 Series also enables users to analyze system performance via diagnostics information such as event records, oscillography, etc.

Statistical Data

The 3 Series records statistical data in order to assist in diagnosing common motor faults, as well as assisting in planning preventative maintenance.

Advanced Device Health Diagnostics

The 3 Series performs comprehensive device health diagnostic tests during startup and continuously at runtime to test its own major functions and critical hardware. These diagnostic tests monitor for conditions that could impact and present device status.

Key Features
  • 4 X20 character LCD display
  • Control panel with up to 12 LED indicator
  • Front USB and rear serial, Ethernet and Fiber ports
  • Multiple protocols - IEC 61850, ModBus™ RTU, ModBus™ TCP/IP, DNP 3.0, IEC60870-5-104, IEC60870-5-103

Advanced Communications

 
Easy integration into new or existing infrastructure

With several Ethernet and serial port options, and a variety of communication protocols, the 3 Series provides advanced and flexible communication selections for new and existing applications.

The 3 Series supports various industry standard protocols such as, IEC 61850, Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5-103 and IEC 60870-5-104 providing simplified and easy integration into new and existing applications.

Drawout Construction 

The 3 Series offers a complete drawout feature eliminating the need for rewiring after testing has been concluded. With our advanced draw-out construction, the 3 series can be drawn-out without having to disconnect any communication cables. e.g. fiber, copper, RJ45, etc and helps retain communication status even after a relay has been withdrawn from its case.

advanced drawout communications The 3 Series’s advanced draw-out construction allows removal without disconnecting rear communications cables.

Front Panel

front panel display
Display

A 4 line liquid crystal display (LCD) allows visibility under varied lighting conditions. When the keypad and display are not being used, system information is displayed by scrolling through a maximum of 30 user-defined default messages. These default messages appear only after a user-defined period of inactivity. The metering summary page is displayed to show original metered values.

EnerVista™ software

The EnerVista suite is an industry leading set of software programs that simplifies every aspect of using a 3 Series Relay. The EnerVista suite provides all the tools to monitor the status of the protected asset, maintain the relay, and integrate the information measured into DCS or SCADA monitoring systems. Convenient COMTRADE and sequence of event viewers are an integral part of the set up software and are included to ensure proper protection and system operation. Learn More
Enervista software screens

Security - enabling NERC CIP compliance

Access Control 

Multilin devices and relays are designed with simple but powerful security to enable reliability and compliance for virtually any project or implementation. With support for multi-level permissions and multi-factor supervisory controls, Multilin devices can help you manage the integrity of your system during commissioning, testing, implementation, and beyond. The 3 Series family provides separate authentication for settings and commands to the system. In addition, as discrete authentications for local and remote access, it also provides a supervisory control factor that can lock or unlock a device for configuration changes and other modifications.

Intrusion Detection

Multilin’s family of protection and control products can also help enable your security perimeter and intrusion detection programs. By providing essential alarming and logging of critical events, Multilin devices can help you detect potential breaches within your system and allow you to respond quickly and effectively. Specifically, unsuccessful access attempts are logged, alarmed, and lead to potential attackers being locked out. This ensures the reliability of your system during questionable activity control factor that can lock or unlock a device for configuration changes and other modifications.

auditing and reporting
Auditing and Reporting 

With the Security Audit Trail reporting feature and support for Event logging of key activities such as configuration changes, Multilin devices can help ensure device and protection system integrity, and perform forensic auditing of activities and changes for compliance.

Manufacturing for the 369 has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to 859.

Multilin 369 - Legacy

Integrated protection and control for medium sized AC motors

Manufacturing for the 369 has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to 859.

Key Features

  • Enhanced thermal model
  • Stall / Jam protection
  • Undervoltage, overvoltage
  • Underfrequency
  • Thermal overload
  • Undercurrent/current unbalance
  • Variable lockout time
  • Overtemperature 12 RTDs (R option)
  • Starts/hour, time between starts
  • Voltage Phase Reversal (M option)
  • Current based phase reversal
  • Undervoltage Auto-restart

Protection & Control

The 369 is a digital motor protection system designed to protect and manage medium sized AC motors and their driven equipment. It contains a full range of selectively enabled, self contained protection and control elements as detailed in the Functional Block Diagram and Features table.

369 Block Diagram

Key Features

  • Metering - current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, RTD Temperature, Remote RTD
  • Fault diagnosis, - Event Record, Oscillography, Motor Starting Data Logger
  • Motor Health Report
  • Statistical information & learned motor data
  • Voltage/frequency/power display (M option)
  • 4 analog outputs (M option)

Monitoring & Metering

The 369 offers a choice of optional monitoring and metering functions including:

  • Actual Values
  • Metering (Option M)
  • Pre-Trip Alarms
  • Event Recorder
  • Oscillography
  • Statistical Data
  • Learned Information
  • Motor Start Data Logger
  • Testing
Motor Staring learned information Track changes in motor starting characteristics, identifying potential failures before they become critical
Motor start data logger Troubleshoot faults that occur during motor starts using the Motor Start Data logger.
369 motor start/stop and security/change histroy reports

Key Features

  • Front Panel RS232 port for programming and troubleshooting
  • Optional embedded Ethernet port
  • Optional Profibus DP/DPV1 or DeviceNet via dedicated port
  • Multiple Protocols - Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP

A front RS232 port is provided for downloading setpoints and interrogating the relay using the EnerVista™ 369.
Three independent rear RS485 ports offer the customer flexibility and performance for their communication network. The 369 can
communicate at baud rates up to 19,200 bps using the industry standard Modbus® RTU protocol. Fiber optic (option F) Profibus interface (option P), DeviceNet (option D), and Ethernet (option E) ports are also available. The optional direct connect RJ45 Ethernet port can be used to connect the 369 to 10 Mbps Ethernet networks. The communication system of the 369 is designed to allow simultaneous communication via all ports.

Using Ethernet as the physical media to integrate the 369 to Local or Wide Area Networks replaces a multipoint wired
network (e.g., serial Modbus®), and eliminates expensive leased or dial-up connections, reducing operating costs.

Front Panel
369 Front panel

Display
40 Character LCD display for viewing actual values and programming setpoints Rugged, corrosion and flame retardant case

Status Indicators
4 LEDs indicate when an output is activated

Motor Status Indicators
LEDs indicated if motor Stopped, Starting, Running, Overloaded or Locked out due to an active Satart Inhibit element

Keypad
Used to display actual values, causes of alarms, causes of trips, fault diagnosis information, and to program setpoints

Computer Interface
RS232 comm part for connecting to a PC, Use for downloading setpoints, monitoring, data collection & printing reports

EnerVista™ Software

The EnerVista™ Suite is an industry leading set of software programs that will simplify every aspect of using the 369 relay. Tools to monitor the status of the motor, maintain the relay, and integrate information measured by the 369 into HMI or SCADA monitoring systems are available. Also provided are the utilities to analyze the cause of faults and system disturbances using the powerful waveform and Sequence of Event viewers that come with the EnerVista™ 369 Setup Software that is included with each relay. Learn More

Motor Settings Auto-Configurator
Motor Settings Auto-Configurator

Automatically generate a complete settings file, eliminating the need to manually program hundreds of individual protection settings.

Key Features

  • Seamless upgrade for existing Drawout Multilin 269 Motor Management Relays
  • Reduce system downtime utilizing the existing Multilin 269 Motor Management Relay drawout chassis
  • Reduce maintenance & operational costs - eliminates the need for mounting kits, re-work to existing cutouts and re-wiring of the chassis
  • Upgrade with ease using automated setting file conversion tool
  • Take advantage of newer, more advanced hardware and feature set
369 open front

The Multilin™ 350 is a member of the Multilin 3 Series protective relay platform and has been designed for the protection, control and management of feeders or related applications as a primary or backup protection device. This cost-effective protective device is used to perform advanced feeder protection, control and monitoring for low, medium and high voltage applications. The 350 also offers enhanced features such as integrated arc flash protection, metering, monitoring and diagnostics, preventative maintenance, advanced communications and security.

Multilin 350

Intuitive and innovative feeder protection system

The Multilin™ 350 is a member of the Multilin 3 Series protective relay platform and has been designed for the protection, control and management of feeders or related applications as a primary or backup protection device. This cost-effective protective device is used to perform advanced feeder protection, control and monitoring for low, medium and high voltage applications. The 350 also offers enhanced features such as integrated arc flash protection, metering, monitoring and diagnostics, preventative maintenance, advanced communications and security.

Key Features

  • Comprehensive current, voltage and frequency protection functions
  • Directional Power and Wattmetric Ground Fault
  • Wide variety of protection curves
  • Synchrocheck, CLP, 2nd Harmonic Blocking, Breaker Failure and Lockout functions
  • Cold Load Pick Up
  • Breaker failure, overload
  • Autoreclose
  • Integrated arc flash protection
Protection & Control

The 350 relay is a member of the 3 Series family of Multilin relays. This protective device is used to perform primary or back-up circuit protection on medium or high voltage feeders or transformers and down stream protection for utility and industrial switchgear. The 350 can be used for a wide variety of protection applications in power systems such as HV/MV or MV/LV transformer protection or capacitor bank protection. The basic protection provided by this relay includes multiple phase, ground, and neutral time and instantaneous overcurrent elements for coordination with upstream and downstream devices. Now it is enhanced with integrated arc flash detection functionality using light sensors supervised by over current to reduce incident energy and equipment damage. Additionally, the device provides essential feeder control features such as cold load pick up blocking, 2nd harmonic blocking, breaker failure, synchrocheck and autoreclose.

The robust 350 streamlines user work flow processes and simplifies engineering tasks such as configuration, wiring, testing, commissioning and maintenance.

Multilin 350 feeder protection relay functional block diagram
350 Functional Block Diagram
Device Number61850 Logical NodeDescription
24PVPHVolts per Hertz
25RSYNSynchrocheck
27_1psseqPTUVPositive Sequence Undervoltage
27PphsPTUPhase Undervoltage
27XauxPTUVAuxiliary Undervoltage
32PDOPDirectional Power
32NndPDOPWattmetric Ground Fault
I1/I2 OR 46BC Broken Conductor
49PTTRThermal Overload
50_2ngseqPIOCNegative Sequence Overcurrent
50BFRBRFBreaker Failure
50G/SGgndPIOC/hsePIOCGround (or Sensitive Ground) Instantaneous Overcurrent
50NndPIOCNeutral Instantaneous Overcurrent
50PphsPIOCPhase Instantaneous Overcurrent
51_2ngseqPTOCNegative Sequence Time Overcurrent
51NndPTOCNeutral Time Overcurrent
Device Number61850 Logical NodeDescription
51G/SGgndPTOC/hsePTOCGround (or Sensitive Ground) Time Overcurrent
51PphsPTOCPhase Time Overcurrent
59_2ngseqPTOVNegative Sequence Overvoltage
59NndPTOVNeutral Overvoltage
59PphsPTOVPhase Overvoltage
59XauxPTOVAuxiliary Overvoltage
60CTS CT Supervision
67G/SGgndRDIRGround (or Sensitive Ground) Directional Element
67NndRDIRNeutral Directional Element
67PphsRDIRPhase Directional Element
79RRECAutoreclose
81OPTOFOverfrequency
81UPTUFUnderfrequency
86 Lockout
CLP Cold Load Pickup
VTFF (60VTS) Voltage Fuse Failure
350 logic diagram Sixteen logic elements available for applications such as manual control, interlocking and peer to peer tripping.

Key Features

  • Comprehensive metering
  • Event Recorder: 256 events (1ms time stamping)
  • Programmable oscillography up to 32 samples per cycle and digital states and Fault Report
  • Relay health diagnostics
  • Breaker monitoring and CT/VT supervision
  • Security and password control
  • SNTP, IRIG-B or IEEE 1588 time synchronization
Power System Troubleshooting

Analyze power system disturbances with transient fault recorder and event records

Monitoring & Diagnostics
Metering, Monitoring & Diagnostics
  • IEEE 1588 (Precise Time Protocol) and IRIG-B:

    IEEE 1588 synchronizes time between different nodes on an Ethernet network when precise time synchronization is required, and IRIG-B allows time stamping of events to be synchronized among connected devices within 1 millisecond.

     

  • Trip/Close Coil Monitoring

    The 350 can be used to monitor the integrity of both the breaker trip and closing coils and circuits. The supervision inputs monitor both the auxiliary voltage levels, while the outputs monitor the continuity of the trip and/or closing circuits, by applying a small current through the circuits.

     

  • Advanced Device Health Diagnostic:

    These diagnostic tests monitor for conditions that could impact and present device status via SCADA communications and front panel display.

     

  • Advanced Device Health Diagnostic:

    These diagnostic tests monitor for conditions that could impact and present device status via SCADA communications and front panel display.

Key Features

  • Front USB and rear serial, Ethernet, fiber and dual port options for seamless redundancy (IEC 62439-3, PRP & HSR)
  • Multiple communication protocols supporting industry leading standards

Advanced Communications

The 350 incorporates the latest communication technologies, making it the easiest and the most flexible feeder protection relay for use and integration into new and existing infrastructures. The 350 relay provides the user with one front USB and one rear RS485 communication port. Also available with the 350 is a rear communication port with Ethernet Fiber and Copper. For configurations requiring PRP and HSR redundancy protocols, the 350 provides two rear Fiber ports. Through the use of these ports, continuous monitoring and control from a remote computer, SCADA system or PLC is possible.

The 350 provides optional Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High Availability Seamless Ring (HSR) according to the IEC 62439-3 standard that defines two protocols to increase network availability by reducing failover time to zero. Both ports are capable of simultaneously supporting the following protocols: Modbus TCP/ IP, IEC 61850, DNP3 or IEC 60870-5-104, IEEE 1588, SNTP and OPC-UA.

Link Loss Alert (LLA) function detects any issue with one port and switch to the other one in case of failure.

The 350 supports popular industry-leading standard protocols enabling easy, direct integration into electrical SCADA and HMI systems. The protocols supported by the 350 include:

  • IEC 61850
  • IEC 61850 GOOSE
  • DNP 3.0
  • Modbus RTU
  • Modbus TCP/IP
  • IEC 60870-5-103
  • IEC 60870-5-104
  • PRP & HSR (IEC 62439-3)
  • Link Loss Alert (LLA)
  • OPC-UA
  • IEEE 1588 for time synchronization
Example of redundant HSR and PRP Architecture
Example of redundant HSR and PRP Architecture Redundancy protocols can be used for various networking architectures including combined PRP / HSR technologies.

EnerVista Software

The EnerVista suite is an industry leading set of software programs that simplifies every aspect of using the 350 relay. The EnerVista suite provides all the tools to monitor the status of the protected asset, maintain the relay, and integrate the information measured into DCS or SCADA monitoring systems. Convenient COMTRADE and sequence of event viewers are an integral part of the 350 set up software and are included to ensure proper protection and system. Learn More

3 Series setup software protection summary for viewing a summary of Protection & Control configuration
Access Control

With the Security Audit Trail reporting feature, available in GE Vernova’s ViewPoint Monitoring software, operators are able to obtain Event logging reports of key activities such as configuration changes. These pre-formatted reports can be used to help ensure device and protection system integrity and perform forensic auditing of activities and changes for compliance.

Security audit trail sample screen Trace any setting changes with security audit trail.

Key Features

  • 4 line display for easy viewing of key data
  • 12/10 LED indicators for quick diagnostics
  • Programmable LED indicators for specific targets
  • Draw out or non draw out design options

Hardware

Inputs and Outputs

The 350 features the following inputs and outputs for monitoring and control of typical feeder applications:

  • 10 contact Inputs with programmable thresholds
  • 2 Form A outputs for breaker trip and close with coil monitoring and 5 Form C output relays
Drawout & Non-Drawout Construction

The 350 is offered in both a drawout or a nondrawout construction. In the drawout case design the 350 simplifies installation and improves site safety as the need to open switchgear doors or rewire the device after testing is eliminated.

The 350 protection relay chassis used with a draw out relay is available separately, for use as a partial replacement or in test environments. The draw out relay with no chassis is also available to order as a spare unit.

Application Flexibility & Ease of Wiring 

Removable terminals ease wiring and in-system testing or troubleshooting.

Drawout relay

Drawout

Non-drawout relay

Non-drawout

User Interface

User Interface

Retrofit Existing Multilin MII Family Devices

Traditionally, retrofitting or upgrading an existing relay has been a challenging and time consuming task often requiring re-engineering, panel modifications and re-wiring. Similar features and form factor of some models of MII family devices allow users to replace their existing relays with 3 Series relays with enhanced protection and control features and advanced communications.

The SR3 Enervista Setup software allows users to create new setting files based on existing MIFII and MIVII setting files and can be uploaded to a 350 relay with a compatible model number. Retrofit is smooth and simplified with minor wiring or switchgear modifications.

3 Series retrofit

Direct Replacement for Multilin 169, 269, 269Plus and 369 Protection & Control Relays

The Multilin 859 is the only relay that offers a seamless, direct replacement for existing Multilin protection relays. Designed to fit the same mechanical cut and accept the same wiring connectors (applicable to 369 relays), the 859 provides a simplified replacement strategy – eliminating the need for drawing changes, re-wiring, and door modifications. While also significantly reducing any staff training requirements. Additional one-to-one wiring maps are available for other legacy Multilin motor protection relays, and automated setting file conversion and analysis tools ensure reduced configuration time and effort.

Easy 3-Step Process to Upgrade from 369 to 859, in as fast as 30 minutes

Step 1. Update settings file

EnerVista 8 Series Setup Software provides automated setting file conversion. Once completed, the relay provides a graphical report to verify and call out any specific settings that might need attention

Step 2. Replace relay

Simply unplug left and right terminal connectors and unscrew the upper and lower terminal wires to remove the 369 relay from the panel. No need to disconnect any of the field wiring*

Step 3. Plug & play reconnection

Mount the new 859 relay into the switchgear, plug in the old terminal blocks and reconnect the upper and lower terminal wires – there is no need to make any cut-outs modifications or push and pull old cables

* The panel and all wiring must be deenergized and safety procedures followed

Retrofit Solutions

269Plus Motor Management Relay

Upgrade to the 369 Motor Management Relay

Upgrade Now 269Plus Motor Management Relay Why Upgrade? 269Plus Motor Management Relay
369 Drawout

Upgrade your 269 or 269Plus

Drawout to the 369 Drawout

Upgrade Now 369 Drawout

Manufacturing for the MultiSync 100 has been discontinued. As an alternative, please consider the RT430 GNSS clock.

MultiSync 100 1588 GPS Clock - Legacy

Modernize time synchronization for power systems

Manufacturing for the MultiSync 100 has been discontinued. As an alternative, please consider the RT430 GNSS clock.

Cost-Effective, Accurate Time Synchronization

Accurate time synchronization is becoming a critical requirement in today’s power system substations. For example:

  • Synchrophasor measurements to support wide area monitoring systems and remedial action schemes require time synchronization accurate down to 1 microsecond
  • Merging units, that publish sampled values for use by protective relays, meters, and control devices require time synchronization accuracy of 25 microseconds
  • Coordinating fault records and event logs across multiple devices requires time synchronization of 500 microseconds
     

There are two different challenges to the traditional method for time synchronization. The first is that time synchronization has been implemented by connecting end devices to a local satellite clock. This synchronizes all elements in a specific substation together, but this may not be adequate for system wide applications like synchrophasors. The second challenge is that accurate time synchronization has required a dedicated time network.

The most common method employed which provides the accuracy required is IRIB-G. IRIG-B sends out analog pulses, which requires a dedicated analog network built on copper wiring. This network must be installed separately, and is challenged by voltage drop due to distance and the number of connected devices, as well as electrical interference. SNTP/NTP can send time synchronization signals via an Ethernet network, but does not account for switching time delays, and therefore doesn’t meet the accuracy requirements. IEEE 1588 time synchronization provides accuracy to the same level as IRIG-B, over existing Ethernet networks like NTP.

IEEE 1588 Upgrade

IEEE 1588-2008 is the technical solution designed to provide cost effective time synchronization from devices in a substation up to the whole utility grid. The challenge to implementing 1588 in a substation is interfacing with devices that only support legacy time synchronization methods. The MultiSync 100 1588 GPS Clock is a cost-effective solution to this challenge. Compact size, with DIN rail mounting, provides great flexibility in installation. Network and analog output ports allow interfacing into legacy time synchronization networks while simultaneously providing IEEE 1588 signals.

The MultiSync 100 supports common network time synchronization methods, including IEEE 1588, C37.238 and SNTP/NTP. The MultiSync 100 also supports common analog methods of time synchronization, including IRIG-B, TTL, and user defined pulse methods. The network and analog methods can be supported simultaneously in the MultiSync 100. One compact, affordable MultiSync 100 GPS Clock can provide timing synchronization for 1588 compliant devices and legacy devices in the substation, providing a simple, low cost upgrade path.

IRIG-B is a separate analog communication network just for timing. Upgrade to 1588 over Ethernet while maintaining existing timing network for installed relays.

End-to-End Solution for IEEE 1588

The MultiSync 100 is part of a complete end-to-end 1588 time synchronization solution for power system substations and industrial applications. This solution includes:

  • MultiSync 100 operating as a GrandMaster clock
  • MultiLink ML3001/ML3100 Ethernet switches with 1588 modules
  • Universal Relays and 8 Series relays time synchronized to the MultiSync 100
One compact, affordable MultiSync 100 GPS Clock can provide timing synchronization for 1588 compliant devices and legacy devices in the substation, providing a simple, low cost upgrade path.

Configuration screen for MultiSync 100.

Ease of Configuration

The MultiSync 100 provides intuitive software to completely configure all aspects of the clock, as well as to display time synchronization data.

Timing and synchronization options include:
  • Worldwide daylight savings and local time configuration using rule based or fixed date methods
  • Adjustable holdover times for reliability for poor GPS coverage
  • Compensation for installation parameters such as GPS signal delay through antenna cable
Programmable digital outputs include:
  • IEEE 1588-2008 (v2) , including end-to-end and peer-to-peer implementations
  • C37.238-2011, the “Power Profile” for IEEE1588
  • NTP / SNTP
Programmable analog outputs include:
  • IRIG-B (B00x/B22x) time code with selectable IEEE 1344 and AFNOR S87-500 extensions
  • DFC77 time code
  • 1000Hz (500ms) pulse
  • User defined pulse sequences with repetition

Connection Drawings

Specifications

The TRANSFIX is an 9-gas on-line transformer DGA monitoring unit. Using specially developed advanced photo-acoustic detection technology, the TRANSFIX measures all significant fault gases (in ppm) as outlined by international standards as well as moisture in oil (%RH & ppm). The measurement of these gases allows the user to detect and diagnose a complete range of transformer faults.

Kelman TRANSFIX

The TRANSFIX is an 9-gas on-line transformer DGA monitoring unit. Using specially developed advanced photo-acoustic detection technology, the TRANSFIX measures all significant fault gases (in ppm) as outlined by international standards as well as moisture in oil (%RH & ppm). The measurement of these gases allows the user to detect and diagnose a complete range of transformer faults.

GE Vernova Energy can offer a complete assessment service for large power transformers to help customers understand operational issues, determine root cause, gauge the health of the transformer and obtain remedial and preventive maintenance recommendations in order to improve asset reliability.

Transformer Assessment Service

GE Vernova Energy can offer a complete assessment service for large power transformers to help customers understand operational issues, determine root cause, gauge the health of the transformer and obtain remedial and preventive maintenance recommendations in order to improve asset reliability.