The complexity of modern electrical power systems is steadily increasing with the penetration of massive amount of asynchronously connected renewable generation. This generation that is connected through inverters reduces the inertia of the Grid and significantly changes how today’s power system operates. These characteristics require shortened power system response time and strategies for dealing with the grid’s reduced Inertia and weakened system strengths.

Wide Area Monitoring Protection & Control Solutions

The complexity of modern electrical power systems is steadily increasing with the penetration of massive amount of asynchronously connected renewable generation. This generation that is connected through inverters reduces the inertia of the Grid and significantly changes how today’s power system operates. These characteristics require shortened power system response time and strategies for dealing with the grid’s reduced Inertia and weakened system strengths.

Solution Overview

System Oscillation Damping

Detecting and actioning on multiple signal oscillation types

  • Inter-area Oscillations
  • Forced Oscillations
Mitigating Reduced Inertia

Fast and coordinated frequency response using real time measurement of phasors

  • Large local rate of change of frequency
  • Large frequency exhursions
  • Network phase angle divergence
Managing weak System Strength

Providing support for renewable energy generators with power electronic which creates weaker system strength

  • Voltage stability issues
  • Control stability issues
  • Power electronic inter-oscillations

What GE Vernova can offer

Complete end to end solution

From plant measurement to control room monitoring & centralized control – range of solutions available from analysing, visualization, monitoring, protection, and control.

Application domain knowledge

Applying our knowledge and perspective to resolve limits and risks in the power systems combining experience of substation protection and control, telecommunication, and centralised power systems management.

Global center of excellence & regional capability
  • Engineering, project management and execution capabilities of CoE and regional teams to manage and execute projects from small to large scale.
  • Many years of installed base experience of projects covering end to end providing operational efficiency, reliability, and security for the power systems.

GE Vernova offers complete Network Interconnection protection based on System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) solutions for Transmission utilities, and operators to protect the integrity of the interconnected network. These automated solutions with validated application function blocks provide the network real time actions for protecting interconnections and providing network operators with visibility and advanced notifications of impeding interconnected network separation.

GridNode Interconnection Protection Solutions

GE Vernova offers complete Network Interconnection protection based on System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) solutions for Transmission utilities, and operators to protect the integrity of the interconnected network. These automated solutions with validated application function blocks provide the network real time actions for protecting interconnections and providing network operators with visibility and advanced notifications of impeding interconnected network separation.

overview-diagram1 Network A interconnected with network B and sharing generation surplus
What are Network Interconnections

Grid Interconnections are found between:

  • Two or more regions
  • Two or more utilities within a region
  • Two or more states or countries

Where one region will have generation surplus and other region may have generation shortfall – interconnecting maintains stability of both the regions

What is the need & growth of Network Interconnection
  • Interconnecting two or more separate power systems improves stability in each system by helping the other balance generation and load.
  • Both systems are now able to share generation and help the other serve load if they experience a generation shortfall.
  • Another benefit of interconnection is to take advantage of lower cost generation sources.
  • Renewable Energy projects are triggering more inter-connections.
GE Vernova's SIPS approach

GE Vernova offers two approaches for reducing instabilities and overloads on interconnected networks to provide safety and reliability to these networks. These approaches may be combined or used separately.

  • Contingency action solutions
  • Detection and dampening of system oscillations
What are customer challenges & customer objectives with respect to Network Interconnection
ChallengesOutcome
Losing a major line in a network (A) can result in excess generation that may send too much generation and overload the interconnection.Take contingency actions in network A to drop generation available to reduce exchanging of power to network B
Losing a major generation in a network (A) can result in lack of generation that may draw too much generation and overload the interconnection.Take contingency actions in network A to shed load to reduce exchanging of power to network B
Large disturbances in a network can cascade to interconnected network causing inter-region oscillations which if grow big enough, can cause both networks to collapseDetect interconnection oscillations and make attempts to dampen oscillations (trigger damping circuit, shed load, drop generation) or disconnect interconnection if oscillations persist or grow large enough

overview-diagram2 Intelligent monitoring devices put across the networks connected centrally to GridNode controller to execute contingency actions

GE Vernova's contingency action solution detects a disturbance in one part of an interconnected network which could result in interconnection overloading or frequency and voltage stability conditions. GE Vernova’s solution will take action to remediate these situations by stabilizing the load and generation on the networks thereby protecting the interconnect.

Contingency Action Solutions
  • Detect major changes in any of the connected networks (faults)
  • Measure overload in interconnect and associated voltage and frequency changes
  • Shed load to reduce load on interconnect
  • Drop generation to reduce overvoltage
  • Trip the interconnect
  • Balancing the two networks
Key Characteristics
  • Millisecond response time (typically under 250ms)
  • Supports existing protection and metering devices and protocols
  • Can support complex network topologies (i.e., mesh grids)
  • Provide advanced notice of interconnection trip to operators
  • Available customized HMI

oscillation-diagram PMU's detecting oscillations are installed across the networks connected centrally to GridNode Controller to trigger dampening actions

System oscillations* across an interconnect are caused by a major change (fault) in the connected networks and the associated sources are attempting to compensate to balance the load and generation. If oscillations persist local protections within a network will react to protect the asset and trip the generators offline.

Using synchrophasor, GE Vernova's system oscillation remediation solution detects network oscillations and determines if these will heal itself. When it is determined these oscillations will not heal itself, GE Vernova's solution will attempt to dampen the oscillations and if needed trip the interconnect.

Detection and dampening of system oscillations
  • Detect prolonged/growing interconnect oscillations
  • Trigger network damping circuits such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) to dampen oscillations
  • Temporary shed load to dampen large oscillations
  • Temporary drop generation to dampen large oscillations
  • Trip the interconnect
Key Characteristics
  • Millisecond to second response time
  • High speed situational awareness using synchrophasor
  • Can support complex network topologies (i.e., mesh grids)
  • Provide advanced notice of interconnection trip to operators
  • Available customized HMI

*Both system (natural) and forced oscillations

project-diagram

Measurement Equipment

Contingency action solution
  • Protection Relays, Meters
  • Protocols: DNP3, IEC 101/103, Modbus, RGOOSE/GOOSE, Synchrophasor C37.118-1, 61850
Detection and dampening of system oscillations
  • Phasor Measurement Units
  • Protection Relays with PMU capability
  • Synchrophasor C37.118-1 protocol

Measurement Equipment

Communications Equipment

Within a substation
  • Ethernet switches
  • Media/Protocol converters
Wide Area communications
  • SONET multiplexers
  • Ethernet backbone
  • Wireless radios

Communications Equipment

Example of interconnection between the grids using Oscillation Detection

  • First of its interconnect between European grid which had a strong source and a Turkish grid which had a weak source.
  • Due to these differences in the sources any major disturbance in the network will be slow to stabilize resulting in oscillations across the interconnect.

GE Vernova's oscillation detection solution monitors the active power flow between Turkey and Bulgaria/Greece.

Upon detection of the oscillation, GE Vernova solution will shed up to 1400MW of load across 15 substations located in Istanbul region to dampen the oscillations.

turkey-diagram *European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity

For fast and cost-effective measurement and diagnostics, GE Vernova offers advanced inspection methods that do not require the asset to be opened, including;

  • Digital X-Ray
  • Vibration Monitoring
  • Ultra High Frequency Analysis
  • Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement (DCRM)

The service includes recommendation in the choice of inspection methods, onsite inspections, diagnosis and maintenance recommendations captured in a condition assessment report.

Advanced Non-Intrusive Inspection Services

For fast and cost-effective measurement and diagnostics, GE Vernova offers advanced inspection methods that do not require the asset to be opened, including;

  • Digital X-Ray
  • Vibration Monitoring
  • Ultra High Frequency Analysis
  • Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement (DCRM)

The service includes recommendation in the choice of inspection methods, onsite inspections, diagnosis and maintenance recommendations captured in a condition assessment report.

GE Vernova’s Advanced Methods for Non-Intrusive Inspection

Advisory for Method Selection

GE Vernova provides assistance in method selection. Depending on the asset, the component to assess and the type of defect to detect, one or more complementary methods of non-intrusive inspections could be recommended.

The selection of methods will take into account the application, the criticality, the history and events occurred. If the inspection requires the use of several advanced non-intrusive methods, they can be performed during the same short planned outage when mandatory.

Expert Diagnosis

In case of defect, the diagnosis can be generated remotely in a few hours by the GE Vernova expert. High quality measurement and data generated provides conclusive results which are compared to models created to evaluate the acceptable limits. Those models are developed by GE Vernova matter experts from R&D and manufacturing, this expertise in diagnosis is built on 125 years of experience in high voltage equipment engineering.

Maintenance Recommendation

As part of the service, GE Vernova provides a comprehensive inspection report including the results, the diagnosis, the expected remaining lifetime of the devices, and a detailed recommendation to plan the necessary maintenance or replacement actions.

Advanced non-intrusive inspection enables deployment of Asset Performance Management (APM) on a fleet of circuit breakers.

GE Vernova’s Advanced Methods for Non-Intrusive Inspection

Customer Benefits

Cost Effective

  • No or reduced planned outage compared to standard inspection of internal components
  • Eliminating unnecessary opening of asset
  • Minimizing risk of failure

Digitalized Results

  • Data is transmitted remotely to expert for analysis
  • Centralized data available for asset performance analytics
  • Results of asset condition provided in few hours

Safe and Reliable

  • 20% reduction in asset failure thanks to the use of non-intrusive methods
  • Eliminating risk of failure during reenergizing
  • No risk of SF6 leakage

Proven Methodologies

  • Models based on +120 years of expertise in equipment design, manufacturing and service.
  • Proven experience in diverse industries including rotating machines
  • Diagnosis and recommendations delivered by subject matter experts
Customer Benefits

Internal component of the circuit breaker Internal component of the circuit breaker

Digital X - Ray

Internal component image is printed on a flexible plate and runs through a high resolution (~40µm) laser scanner which reads and digitizes the film. The digital X-ray image produced is viewed and enhanced using powerful image processing software. Contrast, brightness, filtration and zoom can be customized.

Default Detection

Digital X-Ray inspection is suitable to evaluate the condition of aluminum, porcelain or polymer main, arcing and moving components. The defects that can be detected include:

  • Damaged or deformed parts: crack and bent components
  • Missing or loose components
  • Corrosion and inclusion
  • Misalignment of components
  • Nozzles / Barrier / Resin Insulation

DCRM fingerprints with new contact (left) or ageing (right) DCRM fingerprints with new contact (left) or ageing (right)

Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement

Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement (DCRM) is conducted by injecting a Direct Current through the breaker. The voltage drop is measured when the breaker operates a close-open cycle at rated speed. The acquisition unit then calculates the resistance value. During a phase of the motion, arcing contacts are the only parts which touch, the condition of these contacts can be assess.

Default Detection

The comparison between the pattern reference and the measurement curve supports the condition of the arcing contacts and the breaker chamber moving parts assessment. Any change in dynamic/frictional characteristics of the circuit breaker immediately reflects as a change in the dynamic resistance signature.

DCRM fingerprint deviation indicates various defects including:

  • Misalignment of moving parts
  • Contact wipe of main and arcing contacts
  • Erosion of arcing and main contact
  • Mechanical integrity of various components
  • Measurement of the arcing contact length

Vibration pattern of an operating mechanism Vibration pattern of an operating mechanism

Vibration Monitoring

Any mechanical movement in equipment produces sounds and/or vibrations. The resulting signals are propagated to the external structure via various parts of the mechanism and through the interrupting medium. The accelerometers positioned on the external structure of the circuit breaker measure the vibration bursts. As the vibration fingerprints is highly repeatable for a healthy circuit-breaker, a change in dynamic/frictional characteristics immediately reflects a change in the vibration pattern and thus highlights a defect.

Mechanical Fault Detection

The main characteristic of vibration diagnostics is the detection of a change between a vibration fingerprints recorded during operation and the reference.

Typical problems indicated by deviation in the vibration pattern include:

  • Over-travel of connecting rids
  • Distortion of a drive shaft
  • Release of a contact / frame / mobile mechanism
  • Hydraulic/spring operating mechanism defect

Example of protrusion Example of protrusion

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Analysis

The monitoring of the Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS) insulation health through measurement of partial discharge is the most efficient and competitive solution to prevent potential high repair cost and long downtime.

Principal

Partial discharge is the source of electromagnetic waves in the range of ultra high frequency from 300 to 2000MHz. The signal goes along the GIS and is easily captured by the antenna. Both UHF internal or external sensors can be installed on any type of GIS up to 800kV. The system can monitor SF6 and g³ filled equipment. The frequency spectrum and time analysis of the UHF signal assist supervision of commissioning, operation and maintenance.

The pattern shape supports accurate identification of default type including:

  • Presence of particle
  • Protrusion
  • Coronas
  • Free potential
  • Insulator void

GE Vernova’s GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection provides a reliable solution to detect and isolate broken overhead line conductors using secure wide-area measurements.

GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection

GE Vernova’s GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection provides a reliable solution to detect and isolate broken overhead line conductors using secure wide-area measurements.

Discover GE Vernova's solution with the interactive app

GE Vernova’s GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection provides a reliable solution to detect and isolate broken overhead line conductors prior to the conductor touching the ground for both transmission and distribution networks. This is a substation centric based solution that is based on the rate of change of impedance.

Typical Broken Falling Conductors take 1.3 seconds to touch the ground on a distribution system.

Network Benefits

  • Increased Safety through quick detection and isolation of broken overhead lines
  • Risk Reduction in fire ignition caused by a down conductor
  • Reduced damage caused by unnecessary network reclosing
  • Increased customer reliability by minimizing the number of customers interrupted through coordinated protection
  • Ability to accommodate a high and growing number of distributed energy resources on your network without impacting broken falling conductor protection
img1
NORMAL STATE

Traditional Protection

img2
BROKEN FALLING CONDUCTOR

GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection

Benefits

  • Operates in under 500ms prior to the conductor touching the ground
  • Up to 8 times better sensitivity at detecting broken conductors than conventional I2/I1 methods for distribution networks
  • Works in areas with high penetration of DERs
  • No coordination required with existing protection devices
  • Scalable to multiple feeders and beyond the substation and has the ability to isolate and coordinate the trip to the faulted line section
BROKEN DOWN CONDUCTOR

Down Conductor Technology

Benefits

  • Ability to detect down conductors under certain circumstances

Drawbacks

  • Safety and fire concerns as conductor has already touched the ground
  • Applicability depends on ground surface type

Architecture

GE Vernova’s GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection Solution is scalable system that provides reliable and fast detection of broken falling conductors in the distribution or transmission system. The solution can connect to devices inside the substation as well as along the feeder.

arch
SUBSTATION BASED SOLUTION
  • Increased detection capabilities on low load branches
  • Ability to coordinate and sectionalize the line closest to the fault
  • Requires V&I measurements from IEDs
  • Supports up to 10 Feeders
  • Vendor agnostic
  • Utilizes standard communication protocols
SUBSTATION + LINE DEVICES SOLUTION
  • Increased detection capabilities on low load branches
  • Ability to coordinate and sectionalize the line closest to the fault
  • Requires PMU data for connected IEDs
  • Supports industrial standard communications (fiber optic, radio (licensed or unlicensed) or cellular

Services

GE Vernova’s Advanced Application Services team provides the following engineering and consulting services as part of the High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection solution.

CONSULTINGPMU placement assessment and support
Deployment strategy
COMMUNICATIONSNetwork and communications system design
Hardware specification
ENGINEERINGSystem configuration; Settings development
Cybersecurity
FACTORY TESTING
Factory acceptance testing including Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing and validation
INSTALLATION & SITE INTEGRATION

Field services; Site integration services

Communications, network, and I/O testing
TESTING & COMMISSIONING
Site acceptance testing and performance validation
TRAINING & SUPPORT
Master service agreement to help maintain the accuracy of the operation following network topology changes

Components

GE Vernova’s GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection Solution includes the following:

gpg
GPG Controller

GridNode High-Speed Falling Conductor Protection Solution - Hardware specifications

  • Certification: IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1613, CE, FCC Class A, UL, CCC
  • Mounting: 2U/19” Rack mount
  • System Design: Fanless, with no internal cabling
  • OS Support: Windows and Embedded RTOS VxWorks for critical real time
  • Power Consumption: 19W/220VAC or VDC (Typical)
  • Power Supply: Redundant 100 ~ 240 VAC (47 ~ 63 Hz) DC: 100 ~ 240 VDC DC: 48VDC with isolation protection
  • PRP & HSR Ethernet redundancy
  • Two expansion slots to increase serial and Ethernet port types and quantity
GridNode HFCP HMI
gp1
GridNode HFCP Configurator
gp2
Solution Components
gp3 Protective Relays

S20

Communication Switches

RT430

Time synchronization clock

Manufacturing for the product has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to MS 3000 or DGA 900 Plus.

tMEDIC - Legacy

Manufacturing for the product has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to MS 3000 or DGA 900 Plus.

Manufacturing for this product has been discontinued

Comprehensive view and control of the substation to increase operator efficiency

PowerLink™ Advantage - Legacy

Powerful and Scalable SCADA HMI Plarform

Manufacturing for this product has been discontinued

Comprehensive view and control of the substation to increase operator efficiency

One-line screens for monitoring status, control and tagging One-line screens for monitoring status, control and tagging

Comprehensive, Customizable Displays

PLA aggregates from gateways and field devices and intelligently presents relevant near real-time and historical data in an easy to understand, customizable graphical format with features such as alarm and dynamic text displays to increase operator efficiency.

Typical customizable displays include:
  • Communications Summary
  • One-line Diagrams
  • Alarm Viewer
  • Historical Alarm Viewer
  • Trending
  • Detail Pages
  • Operator Access Log
  • Operator Notes
Dynamic trending to clearly visualize substation activity Dynamic trending to clearly visualize substation activity

Trending

PLA provides aggregates trending data from substation devices and presents them in a clear visual format that is fully customizable to facilitate quick identification of potential issues or to assist in problem analysis.

  • Customizable with selectable colors, grid lines and scaling
  • Real-time and historical displays
  • Dynamic trending
  • XY plots
  • Full database connectivity
  • Support up to 300 logged points per logging table

Redundancy

Redundancy ensures system availability in the event of a hardware failure. PowerLink Advantage can be configured with redundancy so that a secondary system is ready to take over operations automatically should the primary system fail. During a failure, all main PowerLink Advantage functions are transferred to ensure that critical data acquisition, alarming, logging and security operations continue.

Multiple Computer PowerLink Advantage Architecture

PLA server redundancy to ensure continuous uptime.

Optional Features

Multiple Viewer Stations

Multiple Viewer Stations provide client-server connectivity from additional computers on the LAN.

Remote Desktop (Terminal Services)

Remote Desktop (Terminal Services) licenses provide access from remote computers (requires Windows® Server operating system).

System Sentry

System Sentry improves system availability by constantly providing real-time information about the health of the PowerLink Advantage system. It provides detailed performance data at any given moment for every resource ranging from available hard drive space to CPU usage. System Sentry also provides configurable, automated alerts for problem conditions and the tools for problem determination to restore system functionality.

Digital Fault Recording Display and Analysis

Digital Fault Recording Display and Analysis is a tool within DirectView providing advanced waveform viewing through capabilities to set multiple cursors and markers; waveform superimposition and waveform comparison functions. It also provides functionality to visualize harmonic spectrum and perform zero sequence current calculations. IEEE® COMTRADE file compatible.

Alarm Cast

Alarm Cast provides integration of PowerLink Advantage alarms for remote notification through a variety of channels such as Internet, mobile and PC media including pagers, SMS, e-mail, ODBC, UCP and more. The notification can contain key operational information and conditions.

Reporting

PLA makes it easy to generate the reports based on a timed or event basis. The report viewer allows quick, convenient access to any report.

Power Quality Event Viewer

Power Quality Event Viewer provides sag, swell and interruption plots.

DirectView

DirectView provides a Digital Fault Recording (DFR) COMTRADE file viewer and analysis application. DFR COMTRADE files are automatically retrieved from compatible field devices connected via Ethernet LAN.

Action Calendar

Action Calendar provides the ability to create, maintain and execute a calendar schedule of system events.

Automation Projects

GE Vernova Automation Projects deliver a complete solution for utilities and Industrial customers to address challenges in managing all aspects of increasingly complex substation automation systems:

  • Substation Engineering
  • Protection, Control and Automation
  • Communications
  • Cyber / Physical Security
  • Data Management
  • Enterprise System Operations
  • Standards-based Solutions

GE Vernova delivers a complete modern substation automation solution based on deep knowledge and expertise, best in class products, configuration tools and industry standards with the following offerings:

Automation Projects – Managed Solutions

Complete end-to-end system solutions including hardware, software and resources from initial evaluation to ongoing maintenance and support.

Automation Projects – Technical Services
  • Site evaluation
  • Consultation
  • System design
  • Project management
  • Procurement
  • System component assembly
  • Configuration and commissioning services
  • System testing
  • Training
  • Life cycle support of system

System Requirements – Development/Runtime Server

System requirements table

System Requirements – PLA Viewer

System requirements table

Manageable Switches

Manufacturing for the product has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to S20 or ML810 or ML1200.

MiCOM H Series - Legacy

Manageable Switches

Manufacturing for the product has been discontinued. As an alternative, please refer to S20 or ML810 or ML1200.

Reason H49, GE Vernova’s all in one gigabit redundancy solution, has been especially designed for the digital substation, for use on the substation bus and process bus, in a mix of PRP dual star and HSR rings. The 1000Mbps HSR ring allows to transport multiple Sampled Value streams on the same ring, simplifying network topology. In addition, IEEE 1588v2 and Power Profile compliance allow for high precision timing application such as synchrophasor application or sampled value timestamping.

Reason H49

PRP/HSR Redbox Switch

Reason H49, GE Vernova’s all in one gigabit redundancy solution, has been especially designed for the digital substation, for use on the substation bus and process bus, in a mix of PRP dual star and HSR rings. The 1000Mbps HSR ring allows to transport multiple Sampled Value streams on the same ring, simplifying network topology. In addition, IEEE 1588v2 and Power Profile compliance allow for high precision timing application such as synchrophasor application or sampled value timestamping.